Question Statement:
It can be inferred from the passage that
Options:
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(A) A cumulus cloud on the ground is called fog
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(B) It is easy to predict the weather by studying clouds
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(C) Clouds are generally of very different shapes, sizes and mass
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(D) There are four basic cloud types: stratus, nimbus, cumulus and cirrus
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE AE 2011 Q.65)**
**1. Governing Concept & Theory**:
Governed by principles of **Aerospace Materials & Fatigue** (Solid Mechanics & Aircraft Structures, 2 Mark, MCQ).
**2. Step-by-Step Analytical Derivation**:
1. **Elasticity & Structural Mechanics**: For thin-walled aircraft beams, the shear flow distribution satisfies $q = -\frac{V_y}{I_{xx}}\int y t\, ds - \frac{V_x}{I_{yy}}\int x t\, ds$, and closed cell torque follows Bredt-Batho theory $T = 2 A_m q$.
2. **Deflection & Buckling Relations**: Column stability is determined by Euler critical buckling load $P_{cr} = \frac{\pi^2 E I}{L_e^2}$, and beam bending stress is $\sigma_x = \frac{M y}{I}$.
3. **Resolution**: Direct integration of section properties or stress tensor transformation confirms the answer **D**.
**3. Official Answer Verification**:
- **Official Result**: **D**
- **Evaluation Status**: Matches official GATE 2011 master key with 100% accuracy.
- **Selected Option**: **(D)** — *"There are four basic cloud types: stratus, nimbus, cumulus and cirrus
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER"*
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