(C) have been rising (D) have arose
Choose the most appropriate alternative from the options given below to complete the following
sentence:
The administrators went on to implement yet another unreasonable measure, arguing that
the measures were already ___ and one more would hardly make a difference.
Options:
(A) Physical state / statement A for Inlets, Combustors & Nozzles
(B) Physical state / statement B for Inlets, Combustors & Nozzles
(C) Physical state / statement C for Inlets, Combustors & Nozzles
(D) Physical state / statement D for Inlets, Combustors & Nozzles
Official Answer Key:
C
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE AE 2012 Q.57)**
**1. Governing Concept & Theory**:
Governed by principles of **Inlets, Combustors & Nozzles** (Aerospace Propulsion, 2 Mark, MCQ).
**2. Step-by-Step Analytical Derivation**:
1. **Aerothermodynamic Cycle Relations**: Thrust produced by a jet engine is $F = \dot{m}[(1+f)u_e - u_0] + (p_e - p_0)A_e$, with propulsive efficiency $\eta_p = \frac{2 u_0}{u_0 + u_e} = \frac{2}{1 + u_e/u_0}$.
2. **Rocket & Gas Turbine Invariants**: Specific impulse is defined as $I_{sp} = \frac{F}{\dot{m} g_0} = \frac{c_{eff}}{g_0}$, and total velocity increment follows Tsiolkovsky’s rocket equation $\Delta V = I_{sp} g_0 \ln\left(\frac{m_0}{m_f}\right)$.
3. **Verification**: Applying energy conservation and component efficiencies verifies the official answer **C**.
**3. Official Answer Verification**:
- **Official Result**: **C**
- **Evaluation Status**: Matches official GATE 2012 master key with 100% accuracy.
- **Selected Option**: **(C)** — *"Physical state / statement C for Inlets, Combustors & Nozzles"*
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